De novo neo-hyaline-cartilage from bovine organoids in viscoelastic hydrogels

Regenerative therapies for articular cartilage are currently clinically available. However, they associated with several drawbacks that require resolution. Optimizing chondrocyte expansion and their assembly, can reduce the time costs of these more importantly increase clinical success. In this study, organoids were quickly mass produced from bovine chondrocytes a new suspension protocol. This approach led to massive cell proliferation, high viability self-assembly organoids. These composed collagen type II, VI, glycosaminoglycans, Sox9 positive cells, embedded in pericellular interterritorial matrix similarly hyaline cartilage. With goal producing large scale tissues, we then encapsulated into alginate hydrogels different viscoelastic properties. Elastic constrained growth fusion inhibiting formation tissue. contrast, allowed homogenous tissue was rich II glycosaminoglycans. The encapsulation produce vitro neocartilage also proved be superior conventional method encapsulating 2D expanded chondrocytes. study describes multimodal involves expansion, organoid assembly neohyaline-cartilage which current standard approaches used engineering. manuscript, describe simple methodology self-assembling Due content structure similarities native cartilage, on own have potential revolutionize research manner signaling pathways, disease progression, engineering, drug development, etc. Furthermore, fast production combined key relatively ignored hydrogel characteristic, viscoelasticity, demonstrate neo-tissue. has open door regeneration such as entire joint surfaces.